軍輝汽車空調服務站檢修精(jing)華(hua)
1. 空調器(qi)故障分析的一般方法
空調器由制冷系(xi)統和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統組成(cheng)，它的運行狀態又與工作環境和(he)條(tiao)件有密切的關系(xi)，所以對空調器的故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)需要綜合考慮。 故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)兩(liang)類，一(yi)類為(wei)機(ji)外(wai)(wai)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)或人(ren)為(wei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)（特別是(shi)電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)），另一(yi)類則為(wei)機(ji)內故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。在(zai)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)處理(li)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，首先應排(pai)除機(ji)外(wai)(wai)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)。排(pai)除機(ji)外(wai)(wai)因(yin)素后(hou)，又可(ke)將機(ji)內故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)制冷系(xi)統故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)兩(liang)類，一(yi)般(ban)應先排(pai)除電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。至(zhi)于電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，又可(ke)從以下兩(liang)方面來查找：開關電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)否送電(dian)(dian)；電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)繞組是(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)。按(an)照上(shang)述總的分(fen)(fen)析(xi)思路，便可(ke)逐步(bu)縮小故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)范圍，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)也就自然水落(luo)石(shi)出了。
2. 空調器(qi)初步檢查
制冷(leng)系統運(yun)行時，進行初查(cha)采用的是問、摸(mo)、看、聽、查(cha)的辦法。這些辦法既簡單而且(qie)有效。
摸：
壓(ya)縮(suo)機正常運行20－30分鐘后(hou)，摸一摸吸氣管、排氣管、壓(ya)縮(suo)機、蒸發器(qi)(qi)出風口、冷凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)等部(bu)位的(de)溫度，憑手感便可(ke)判斷制冷效(xiao)果的(de)好壞(huai)。
A. 壓縮機溫(wen)度一般(ban)在90-100℃。
B. 摸蒸發(fa)器的表面溫度(du)。工作正常的空調器蒸發(fa)器各處的溫度(du)應(ying)該是相同的，其表面是發(fa)涼的， 一(yi)般在15度(du)左右，裸露在外的銅管彎頭處有凝(ning)露水。
C. 摸(mo)冷凝(ning)器的(de)表(biao)面溫(wen)度。空調器開(kai)機運轉后，冷凝(ning)器很快就會熱起來，熱得越(yue)快說明制冷越(yue)快，在正常(chang)使用情況下，冷凝(ning)器的(de)溫(wen)度可達80度左右(you)，冷凝(ning)管壁(bi)溫(wen)度一般在45-55℃。
D. 摸低(di)壓回(hui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)表面溫度(du)。正常時，吸(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)冷(leng)，排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)熱。手(shou)摸應感到涼，如(ru)果環境溫度(du)較低(di)，低(di)壓回(hui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)表面還會有凝露水(shui)，如(ru)果回(hui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)結(jie)露，而高壓排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)比(bi)較燙(tang)，壓縮(suo)機(ji)外(wai)殼也(ye)很熱，很可能是制冷(leng)劑不(bu)足，如(ru)果壓縮(suo)機(ji)的回(hui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)上全(quan)(quan)部結(jie)露，并(bing)結(jie)到壓縮(suo)機(ji)外(wai)殼的一半或全(quan)(quan)部，說明制冷(leng)劑過多。
E. 摸高壓排氣管溫(wen)度。手摸應感(gan)到比較熱，夏(xia)天時還(huan)燙(tang)手。
F. 摸干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾器(qi)表面溫度。在(zai)正常(chang)情況下，手摸干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾器(qi)表面感(gan)覺略比(bi)環境溫度高。如果有涼(liang)的感(gan)覺或凝(ning)露，說明干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾器(qi)有微堵(du)現象。
G. 摸出風口(kou)溫度。手應感(gan)(gan)覺出風有(you)些涼(liang)意，手停留(liu)的時(shi)間長(chang)就(jiu)感(gan)(gan)到有(you)些冷。
看：
先看(kan)(kan)空(kong)調器(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)形是(shi)否(fou)完好(hao)，各(ge)(ge)個部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作是(shi)否(fou)正常。其次，看(kan)(kan)制(zhi)冷系統各(ge)(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)路有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)斷裂(lie)，各(ge)(ge)焊接(jie)處(chu)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)(you)油跡(ji)出現，焊點(dian)有(you)(you)(you)油跡(ji)則(ze)可能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)滲漏。再(zai)仔(zi)細看(kan)(kan)一(yi)下(xia)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)插(cha)片(pian)有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)松脫現象(xiang)，各(ge)(ge)連接(jie)銅管(guan)(guan)(guan)位置(zhi)是(shi)否(fou)正確，有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)銅管(guan)(guan)(guan)碰(peng)殼體。看(kan)(kan)一(yi)下(xia)離(li)心風葉和(he)軸流風葉的(de)(de)(de)(de)跳動(dong)是(shi)否(fou)過大(da)，電動(dong)機(ji)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)明顯振動(dong)。看(kan)(kan)高、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)力值(zhi)是(shi)否(fou)正常，環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)30度(du)時，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)約(yue)為(wei)0.15~0.25Mpa,高壓(ya)(ya)約(yue)為(wei)1.17~1.57MPa，環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)35度(du)時，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)約(yue)為(wei)0.2~0.32Mpa,高壓(ya)(ya)約(yue)為(wei)1.93 Mpa，環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)43度(du)時，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)約(yue)為(wei)0.28Mpa,高壓(ya)(ya)約(yue)為(wei)1.8--2.20 Mpa。看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)結霜情況。正常制(zhi)冷時，在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)運行之初，毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)會結上薄(bo)薄(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層霜，隨后(hou)就逐漸化掉(diao)，但制(zhi)冷劑(ji)不(bu)足(zu)或(huo)(huo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)路堵(du)塞(sai)都會發生掛霜不(bu)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)。值(zhi)得(de)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，室(shi)外(wai)(wai)熱(re)交換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)冬季按熱(re)泵(beng)循(xun)環(huan)方式(shi)工(gong)作時，它屬低(di)壓(ya)(ya)、低(di)溫(wen)部(bu)件(jian)，也可能(neng)發生制(zhi)冷劑(ji)泄漏和(he)堵(du)塞(sai)。如果毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)出口(kou)(kou)至(zhi)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)熱(re)交換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)入口(kou)(kou)這一(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段上有(you)(you)(you)霜而其它部(bu)分干(gan)燥，表明毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)已半堵(du)。從(cong)表面(mian)看(kan)(kan)，制(zhi)冷劑(ji)不(bu)足(zu)和(he)半堵(du)塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)是(shi)一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)。還需指出，空(kong)調器(qi)(qi)(qi)運轉時，一(yi)般應先看(kan)(kan)一(yi)看(kan)(kan)空(kong)調器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)工(gong)作條件(jian)，例如室(shi)內、外(wai)(wai)環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)否(fou)過高或(huo)(huo)過低(di)，過濾網是(shi)否(fou)太臟或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)通風不(bu)良等現象(xiang)，以便排除外(wai)(wai)部(bu)原因及安裝使用(yong)不(bu)當(dang)等因素。
聽
仔細(xi)傾(qing)聽(ting)(ting)整機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)否正(zheng)常。空調器(qi)在(zai)運轉(zhuan)時，會發出(chu)(chu)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，但如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)果聽(ting)(ting)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)些不(bu)正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)就有問題了，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)在(zai)聽(ting)(ting)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)時，有“嗡(weng)(weng)嗡(weng)(weng)”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可立即判明是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)常啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，此時應(ying)立即關掉電源，查找原因；“嘶嘶”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內高壓(ya)(ya)減振管(guan)斷(duan)裂(lie)后發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)氣流聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；“嗒(da)嗒(da)”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內部金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；“當(dang)當(dang)”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內吊簧脫落或斷(duan)裂(lie)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。對(dui)開啟(qi)式壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，一(yi)般(ban)會發出(chu)(chu)輕微(wei)而(er)(er)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“嚓(ca)嚓(ca)”或閥片輕微(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“嘀嘀”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敲擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)出(chu)(chu)現“通通”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)液擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即有大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制冷(leng)劑(ji)吸入壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飛輪鍵槽配合松動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；“啪(pa)啪(pa)”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)皮帶損壞后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。聽(ting)(ting)離(li)心風(feng)(feng)扇和軸(zhou)流風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)應(ying)是(shi)平衡(heng)而(er)(er)均勻，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)有碰(peng)擦或軸(zhou)心不(bu)正(zheng)，就會有異(yi)常聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)出(chu)(chu)現。停機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，當(dang)聽(ting)(ting)到(dao)(dao)“咝(si)咝(si)”這(zhe)種越來越輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣流聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)時（系(xi)統壓(ya)(ya)力平衡(heng)時發出(chu)(chu)），則(ze)可知系(xi)統基本沒(mei)有堵(du)塞。 此外，憑聽(ting)(ting)覺還可判斷(duan)出(chu)(chu)其它一(yi)些噪音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)：分機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)流風(feng)(feng)扇碰(peng)擊(ji)外殼(ke)鐵片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)；風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)缺油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“吱吱”尖叫聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)離(li)心風(feng)(feng)扇與泡(pao)沫外殼(ke)發出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“嚓(ca)嚓(ca)”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底角螺栓松動(dong)(dong)(dong)、震動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)；毛(mao)細(xi)管(guan)碰(peng)外殼(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。
查：
一般可用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)、半導體(ti)點(dian)溫計、鉗(qian)形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)、萬用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)等測量系(xi)統壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)、溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、運轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)要(yao)求，用(yong)鹵素檢漏燈或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子檢漏儀檢查制冷劑(ji)有無(wu)泄漏。對(dui)于(yu)窗式(shi)空(kong)調器，用(yong)鉗(qian)形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻十(shi)分方便。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)讀數(shu)應在額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)范圍左右（隨溫度高低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)略有變化）。對(dui)于(yu)分體(ti)式(shi)空(kong)調器，用(yong)歧(qi)管表(biao)(biao)(biao)檢測高、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)也(ye)是(shi)一種實用(yong)、快速(su)、有效的(de)判斷(duan)方法(fa)。 當周圍環境(jing)溫度在30℃左右（空(kong)調制冷狀(zhuang)況(kuang)下），若低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)（表(biao)(biao)(biao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)）在0.4MPa以下，則表(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)制冷劑(ji)不(bu)足或有泄漏。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)（表(biao)(biao)(biao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)）正常值應在2MPa左右，過高或過低都說明(ming)(ming)有異常。冷凝器的(de)出口處若發生堵塞可使高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)升高，而低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)降低。
檢查和觀察的常(chang)規項目如下(xia)：（1）低(di)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)；（2）高壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)；（3）停(ting)機時平衡壓(ya)(ya)力(li)；（4）吸氣管溫度；（5）排氣管溫度；（6）壓(ya)(ya)縮機溫度；（7）冷(leng)凝(ning)器；（8）蒸發器；（9）過(guo)濾器；（10）毛細管；（11）工作(zuo)電(dian)流。
分析(xi)：
經一(yi)看、二摸(mo)、三聽、四測后，進一(yi)步分(fen)析故(gu)障(zhang)所在處和故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)輕重程度(du)。由(you)于制冷系(xi)統(tong)、電氣(qi)系(xi)統(tong)和空氣(qi)循環系(xi)統(tong)是彼此(ci)均(jun)有聯系(xi)又互相影(ying)響的(de)(de)，因此(ci)，要(yao)綜合起來(lai)進行分(fen)析，由(you)表及(ji)里地判斷故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)實際部位，要(yao)始(shi)終保持清(qing)醒頭(tou)腦。免得一(yi)時疏忽，出現判斷錯誤，造成不必要(yao)的(de)(de)損失。
3. 非空調器本身(shen)故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)分析 機外故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有電源方(fang)面和其(qi)它方(fang)面的(de)，列舉如下：
⑴電源問題
① 電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)不能太低。一般當電(dian)壓(ya)比正常電(dian)壓(ya)220V時，空調(diao)器的壓(ya)縮(suo)機就難以啟動。空調(diao)運轉時，電(dian)壓(ya)一般需(xu)保證在198V以上。
② 空(kong)調器專用(yong)電路中的保(bao)險絲因容量(liang)小而燒(shao)斷，或容量(liang)過大(da)又起不(bu)到(dao)保(bao)護作(zuo)用(yong)，電源(yuan)插座接(jie)觸不(bu)良(liang)，保(bao)險絲容量(liang)過小等都(dou)是不(bu)允(yun)許的。
③ 電(dian)源線(xian)截面積不(bu)能過小。
④ 空調器房間家用電(dian)器過多，而電(dian)源線的容量(liang)不(bu)足，這(zhe)也是不(bu)允許的。
⑤ 部(bu)分地(di)區(qu)網路電壓(ya)偏低，進電內阻大，特(te)別是使(shi)用空調器(qi)單(dan)位附近(jin)使(shi)用大功率電動機等(deng)電器(qi)設備時，往(wang)往(wang)造成電壓(ya)波動范圍過大。 ;
⑥ 供電部(bu)門(men)臨時停(ting)電或瞬間拉閘、報警。
⑵安(an)裝、環(huan)境及使用問題
① 空調器(qi)前(qian)后有(you)障礙物，影響空氣流動，降低熱交換(huan)效(xiao)率，從而使空調器(qi)的制冷量下降。
② 房(fang)間內溫度(du)過(guo)(guo)高或過(guo)(guo)低(di)，超過(guo)(guo)空(kong)調器允許的使(shi)用溫度(du)范圍。
③ 空(kong)調(diao)器房間密閉(bi)不嚴，門窗(chuang)未關閉(bi)，室內(nei)人員進(jin)出頻繁。
④ 室內使用發熱(re)器(qi)具，陽光直(zhi)接照射空調器(qi)，環境溫度高于43℃。
⑤ 冷凝器進風口與出(chu)風口的(de)散熱效率急(ji)劇下(xia)降，甚至超(chao)過壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)的(de)實際負荷。由于節(jie)流狀態改變，而蒸發面積(ji)是一(yi)定(ding)的(de)，吸氣溫度提高，在這種惡性循環(huan)狀況下(xia)，會出(chu)現壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)斷續啟停、或抖動停止現象。
⑥ 空調(diao)器(qi)房間(jian)的面積(ji)太(tai)大或室內高度過(guo)高，而(er)空調(diao)器(qi)的規格制(zhi)冷量太(tai)小(xiao)。
⑦ 空(kong)調器房間內(nei)空(kong)氣污(wu)濁、灰塵(chen)(chen)大、致使空(kong)氣過濾網布滿灰塵(chen)(chen)、污(wu)物，室內(nei)空(kong)氣循環受(shou)阻，影響(xiang)熱交換(huan)。⑧ 如果窗式空(kong)調器安裝(zhuang)位置(zhi)過低、過高，都(dou)不符合安裝(zhuang)要求。
4. 空調器(qi)制冷(leng)系(xi)統故(gu)障(zhang)快速判斷表
判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統故障(zhang)(zhang)，要根(gen)據空調器(qi)(qi)運(yun)行時(shi)系統壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)運(yun)行電流來判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)，既要應用制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)理論(lun)知(zhi)識，又(you)要細(xi)心觀(guan)察制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統各(ge)部位(wei)情況，然(ran)后做出正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果。故障(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)因觀(guan)察部位(wei)空調器(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑不(bu)足過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾網堵塞制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑全部泄漏(lou)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)30℃）0．15-5．5kg低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基本上(shang)無(wu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)30℃）19-20kg略低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基本上(shang)無(wu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)停機(ji)時(shi)平衡壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)；嚴重時(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基本上(shang)無(wu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)聲音正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)較輕略輕輕壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)吸氣管溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，潮濕天氣更(geng)是(shi)大(da)量結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)少(shao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或不(bu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)排氣管溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)熱(re)(re)(re)，燙(tang)，55℃加(jia)(jia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)熱(re)(re)(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)殼體(ti)(ti)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)90℃左右溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)90℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)90℃熱(re)(re)(re)，燙(tang)，遠(yuan)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)90℃冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)15℃（45℃-55℃）熱(re)(re)(re)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)15℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蒸(zheng)發器(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，全部結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)減15℃局(ju)部出現霜，甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)出現結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰層局(ju)部結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)霜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾器(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)2℃-5℃出口處會結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)霜冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)霜，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)毛細(xi)管常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)霜結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)霜，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以上(shang)是(shi)對空調器(qi)(qi)的(de)一些(xie)定性(xing)分析(xi)，具體(ti)(ti)情況視不(bu)同(tong)品牌(pai)空調器(qi)(qi)各(ge)有不(bu)同(tong)。 冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝條件不(bu)好蒸(zheng)發器(qi)(qi)外部受阻制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)系統內有空氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泄漏(lou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)響(xiang)輕響(xiang)響(xiang)輕溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)少(shao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)燙(tang)，超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)55℃熱(re)(re)(re)，略低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)55℃加(jia)(jia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)熱(re)(re)(re)，燙(tang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)55℃熱(re)(re)(re)，燙(tang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)55℃熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)90℃低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)90℃熱(re)(re)(re)，燙(tang)，遠(yuan)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)90℃過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)，超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)15℃熱(re)(re)(re)，略低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)15℃熱(re)(re)(re)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)15℃熱(re)(re)(re)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)15℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，熱(re)(re)(re)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，不(bu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)減15℃冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)后出現霜，并(bing)逐漸擴大(da)至(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)冰冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，但結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)少(shao)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)減15℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，熱(re)(re)(re)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen) 5. 制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統的(de)清(qing)洗
在空調(diao)壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)的(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)絕緣(yuan)擊穿、匝間短路或繞(rao)組(zu)燒(shao)毀以后(hou)，由于電動(dong)機(ji)燒(shao)毀后(hou)產生大(da)量酸性氧化物(wu)而使制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統受到(dao)污染(ran)。因此，除了要更(geng)換壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)、毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)與干燥過(guo)濾(lv)器之外，還要對整個制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統進行徹(che)底的(de)(de)清(qing)洗(xi)。 制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)污染(ran)程度(du)可(ke)分為(wei)：輕度(du)與重(zhong)度(du)。輕度(du)污染(ran)時制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統內冷(leng)(leng)凍油(you)沒有(you)(you)完全(quan)污染(ran)，從壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)的(de)(de)工藝管(guan)(guan)(guan)放(fang)出制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑和冷(leng)(leng)凍油(you)時，油(you)的(de)(de)顏色是透明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)。若用(yong)石蕊(rui)(rui)試紙(zhi)試驗(yan)，油(you)呈(cheng)淡黃色（正常為(wei)白(bai)色）。重(zhong)度(du)污染(ran)是嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)，當打開壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)的(de)(de)工藝管(guan)(guan)(guan)時時，立即可(ke)聞到(dao)焦(jiao)油(you)味，從工藝管(guan)(guan)(guan)倒出冷(leng)(leng)凍油(you)，顏色發(fa)黑(hei)，用(yong)石蕊(rui)(rui)試紙(zhi)浸入油(you)中，5分鐘后(hou)，紙(zhi)的(de)(de)顏色變為(wei)紅色。空調(diao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統清(qing)洗(xi)用(yong)的(de)(de)清(qing)洗(xi)劑為(wei)R113。清(qing)洗(xi)前先放(fang)出制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統管(guan)(guan)(guan)路內的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑，拆卸壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)，從工藝管(guan)(guan)(guan)中放(fang)出少量冷(leng)(leng)凍油(you)檢查其(qi)色、味，并看其(qi)有(you)(you)無雜質(zhi)異物(wu)，以明(ming)(ming)確制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統污染(ran)的(de)(de)程度(du)。
清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)如下：先將清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)R113注入液槽中，然后起動泵(beng)，使之運轉，開(kai)始(shi)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)。對于輕度的污(wu)染，只要(yao)(yao)循環(huan)1小時(shi)左(zuo)右(you)即(ji)可(ke)。而嚴重污(wu)染的，則需要(yao)(yao)3--4小時(shi)。洗(xi)(xi)凈后，清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)可(ke)以(yi)回(hui)收，但經(jing)處理(li)(li)(li)后方可(ke)再用，在(zai)貯液器中的清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)要(yao)(yao)從液管(guan)回(hui)收。若長時(shi)間清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)，清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)已臟，過(guo)(guo)濾器也(ye)會堵塞臟污(wu)，應更換清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)和(he)過(guo)(guo)濾器以(yi)后再進行(xing)。清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)完(wan)畢，應對制冷(leng)管(guan)路(lu)進行(xing)氮氣吹污(wu)和(he)干燥(zao)(zao)處理(li)(li)(li)。槽、過(guo)(guo)濾器和(he)泵(beng)在(zai)干燥(zao)(zao)處理(li)(li)(li)時(shi)一定要(yao)(yao)與管(guan)路(lu)部分斷開(kai)。并(bing)在(zai)液壓(ya)管(guan)、吸液管(guan)的法蘭盤上安裝盲板，然后用真空泵(beng)對系統進行(xing)抽真空，在(zai)抽真空過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，要(yao)(yao)同時(shi)給制冷(leng)管(guan)路(lu)外(wai)面(mian)吹送熱風，以(yi)利(li)于快(kuai)速干燥(zao)(zao)。將制冷(leng)管(guan)路(lu)按原(yuan)樣(yang)裝好，更換新的壓(ya)縮機和(he)過(guo)(guo)濾器。
注(zhu)意事項：
①為了(le)避免清洗劑的泄漏，應采用耐壓軟管(guan)，接頭部分(fen)一定要用膠帶包扎(zha)緊(jin)密。
②使(shi)用膨脹(zhang)閥(fa)(fa)的機種，要去掉膨脹(zhang)閥(fa)(fa)，以(yi)旁通管代替。
③若制冷系統內(nei)進入(ru)水(shui)分(fen)，一定要將水(shui)分(fen)排凈。
④因壓縮機燒毀而生成(cheng)酸性物質時，務必注意(yi)用氮氣吹凈(jing)。
6. 排(pai)空氣(qi)制(zhi)冷循環中殘留的(de)含有(you)水(shui)分的(de)空氣(qi)，將導致(zhi)冷凝壓力(li)升(sheng)高、運轉電流增大、制(zhi)冷效率下降或發生堵塞（冰堵）與腐(fu)蝕，引起壓縮機汽缸拉毛、鍍(du)銅(tong)等故(gu)障，所以(yi)務務必(bi)排(pai)除(chu)管內空氣(qi)。
方法如下：
⑴ 使用空(kong)(kong)(kong)調器(qi)本身的(de)(de)制冷(leng)劑排(pai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)。 擰下高低壓閥的(de)(de)后蓋螺母(mu)、充氟(fu)(fu)嘴螺母(mu)，將高低壓閥芯打開(kai)（旋1/4?1/2圈），等(deng)待約10秒鐘后關閉。同時，從(cong)低壓閥充氟(fu)(fu)嘴螺母(mu)處用內(nei)六角(jiao)扳(ban)手(shou)將充氟(fu)(fu)針頂向(xiang)上頂開(kai)，有空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)排(pai)出(chu)。當手(shou)感有涼氣(qi)冒(mao)出(chu)時停止(zhi)排(pai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。排(pai)氟(fu)(fu)量應小(xiao)于20g。
⑵ 使用(yong)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空泵(beng)排空氣。 先(xian)將(jiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)充氟(fu)嘴螺母擰(ning)(ning)下(xia)，用(yong)抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空連接(jie)(jie)軟管進行(xing)連接(jie)(jie)。將(jiang)“LO”旋(xuan)鈕(niu)按逆(ni)時(shi)(shi)針方向旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，使其打開(kai)(kai)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)合上(shang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空泵(beng)的開(kai)(kai)關，進行(xing)抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空。停(ting)止抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空后(hou)(hou)，還(huan)要將(jiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)后(hou)(hou)蓋(gai)螺母擰(ning)(ning)下(xia)，用(yong)內六(liu)角扳手將(jiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芯按逆(ni)時(shi)(shi)針方向旋(xuan)開(kai)(kai)到(dao)底，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)制冷系統(tong)的通路被打開(kai)(kai)。接(jie)(jie)著將(jiang)連接(jie)(jie)軟管從閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)上(shang)拆除下(xia)來，將(jiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)的連接(jie)(jie)螺母與(yu)后(hou)(hou)蓋(gai)螺母擰(ning)(ning)緊。
⑶ 外(wai)(wai)加氟(fu)利昂排空氣使(shi)用獨立的制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑罐(guan)，將制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑罐(guan)充(chong)(chong)注(zhu)軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)與低壓(ya)閥(fa)(fa)充(chong)(chong)氟(fu)嘴連接，略微松開(kai)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)機高(gao)壓(ya)閥(fa)(fa)上接管(guan)(guan)螺(luo)母(mu)(mu)。松開(kai)制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑罐(guan)的閥(fa)(fa)門，充(chong)(chong)入制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑2=3秒(miao)(miao)，然后關死。當制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑從高(gao)壓(ya)閥(fa)(fa)門接管(guan)(guan)螺(luo)母(mu)(mu)處流出10?15秒(miao)(miao)后，擰緊(jin)接管(guan)(guan)螺(luo)母(mu)(mu)。從充(chong)(chong)氟(fu)嘴處拆下充(chong)(chong)注(zhu)軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)，用內六角扳手(shou)頂推充(chong)(chong)氟(fu)閥(fa)(fa)芯頂針，制(zhi)(zhi)冷劑放(fang)出。當再也聽不(bu)到噪(zao)音(yin)時，放(fang)松頂針，上緊(jin)充(chong)(chong)氟(fu)嘴螺(luo)母(mu)(mu)，打開(kai)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)機高(gao)壓(ya)閥(fa)(fa)芯。
7. 充(chong)注制冷劑。對(dui)于全封閉式壓(ya)縮(suo)機，充(chong)注氟利昂往往采用低壓(ya)收入(ru)法。
⑴. 充注前(qian)需將制冷(leng)劑(ji)從大(da)(da)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)倒入小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)中，其方(fang)法是：先將修理用的(de)小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)放入有冰(bing)塊的(de)容器中冷(leng)卻降溫，然(ran)后用一(yi)根橡膠軟管(guan)將大(da)(da)、小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)連接起來，但(dan)大(da)(da)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)閥(fa)門暫不開(kai)(kai)啟。將大(da)(da)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)閥(fa)門和(he)小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)接頭(tou)松(song)開(kai)(kai)，用氟利昂(ang)氣體將軟管(guan)中的(de)空氣排出，然(ran)后關閉大(da)(da)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)閥(fa)門，旋(xuan)緊(jin)小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)軟管(guan)接頭(tou)。開(kai)(kai)啟大(da)(da)、小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)閥(fa)門，充注制冷(leng)劑(ji)，關閉大(da)(da)小(xiao)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)閥(fa)門，去掉軟管(guan)。
⑵. 由(you)鋼瓶(ping)往(wang)制冷系(xi)統中充注制冷劑時(shi)可將(jiang)鋼瓶(ping)與修理閥相連(lian)接(jie)，也可用復合式(shi)壓(ya)力表的中間接(jie)頭充入(ru)。打開(kai)小鋼瓶(ping)并倒置，將(jiang)接(jie)管內的空氣排出后，擰緊(jin)接(jie)頭，充入(ru)制冷劑，表壓(ya)不超過0.15Mpa時(shi)關閉直(zhi)通閥門(men)。起動壓(ya)縮機將(jiang)制冷劑吸入(ru)，同時(shi)觀察蒸發(fa)器的結霜情(qing)況，待蒸發(fa)器上(shang)已結滿霜或結露時(shi)，即(ji)可停(ting)止充注。制冷劑的充入(ru)量有以下幾種方(fang)法：
⑴ 測重量(liang)(liang)。在充(chong)注氟利昂時,事先準備一個(ge)(ge)小臺(tai)秤,將制冷劑(ji)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶放入一個(ge)(ge)容器(qi)中(zhong),再在容器(qi)中(zhong)注入40℃以下的(de)溫水(適用于空調器(qi)的(de)低(di)壓(ya)充(chong)注制冷劑(ji)蒸汽)。充(chong)注前記(ji)下鋼(gang)(gang)瓶、溫水及容器(qi)的(de)重量(liang)(liang)，在充(chong)注過程中(zhong)注意觀察指針(zhen)。當(dang)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶內制冷劑(ji)的(de)減少量(liang)(liang)等(deng)于所需要(yao)的(de)充(chong)注量(liang)(liang)時可停止充(chong)注。也可直(zhi)接稱量(liang)(liang)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶不用加(jia)溫水。
⑵ 測(ce)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)。 制冷劑飽和蒸氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)與壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)呈一一對(dui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)關系(xi)(xi)，若已(yi)知制冷劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發溫度(du)(du)(du)即(ji)可(ke)查(cha)(cha)出相對(dui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)壓(ya)值(zhi)由高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、低壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)顯(xian)示出來。因(yin)此(ci)，根據安裝(zhuang)在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統上(shang)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)值(zhi)即(ji)可(ke)判斷制冷劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)注量(liang)(liang)是(shi)否宜適。如(ru)空調器的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)7.2℃，冷凝(ning)溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)54.5℃使用(yong)R22。查(cha)(cha)R22的(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和溫度(du)(du)(du)與飽和壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，以確(que)定其蒸發壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)值(zhi)和冷凝(ning)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)值(zhi)。查(cha)(cha)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)可(ke)知：R22在(zai)7.2℃時(shi)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)值(zhi)為(wei)0.53Mpa(5.3kg/cm2)和54.5℃時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)值(zhi)為(wei)2.11Mpa(21.1kg/cm2),將此(ci)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)換算(suan)為(wei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)壓(ya)值(zhi)即(ji)可(ke)。用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、低壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)或復合式壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)測(ce)試充(chong)氟中的(de)(de)(de)(de)制冷系(xi)(xi)統，若高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、低壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)壓(ya)值(zhi)符合上(shang)述(shu)范圍即(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)制冷劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)注量(liang)(liang)合適；若高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、低壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)均低則(ze)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)充(chong)入量(liang)(liang)不夠；若高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、低壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)均高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，則(ze)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)充(chong)入量(liang)(liang)過(guo)多(duo)。壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)測(ce)定法較(jiao)為(wei)簡便，在(zai)維(wei)修時(shi)經(jing)常作用(yong)，但是(shi)缺點是(shi)比較(jiao)粗，準(zhun)確(que)度(du)(du)(du)不高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。
⑶ 測溫(wen)(wen)度。 用半導體測溫(wen)(wen)儀，測量蒸(zheng)發(fa)器的進(jin)出口、集(ji)液器的出口等各點(dian)的溫(wen)(wen)度，以判斷制冷劑充(chong)注量如何(he)。在(zai)蒸(zheng)發(fa)器的進(jin)口（毛(mao)細管前(qian)150mm處(chu)）與(yu)出口兩點(dian)之間的溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)約7?8℃，集(ji)液器出口的溫(wen)(wen)度應高于蒸(zheng)發(fa)器的出口處(chu)1-3℃。如果蒸(zheng)發(fa)器進(jin)出口的溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大，表明制冷量充(chong)注不足(zu)，若(ruo)吸氣管結霜段過長或(huo)鄰近壓縮(suo)機處(chu)有(you)結霜現(xian)象(xiang)，則表明制冷劑充(chong)注過多。
⑷ 測工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。 用鉗型電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表測工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，制冷時，環境溫度35℃，所(suo)測得的工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)與銘牌上電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相對應(ying)。溫度越(yue)高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相應(ying)增大(da)，溫度越(yue)低電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相應(ying)減少。在風機正常(chang)、兩器(qi)散(san)熱號的情況(kuang)下按(an)空調(diao)器(qi)工況(kuang)測電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值作(zuo)比較。
8. 如何使用氧氣－乙炔焊接工具(ju)？
⑴在點火前(qian)，務必做好以下(xia)3項檢查：
A. 先打(da)開(kai)乙炔(gui)瓶閥，看壓力(li)表指針是(shi)否在(zai)規定壓力(li)范圍內。
B. 再打開(kai)氧氣(qi)瓶閥，看(kan)壓(ya)(ya)力表指針(zhen)是否(fou)在規定壓(ya)(ya)力范圍內(nei)。
C. 如(ru)果(guo)乙(yi)炔(gui)(gui)瓶(ping)壓力有增大(da)，不(bu)能使用焊槍，可能是由于氧氣(qi)將乙(yi)炔(gui)(gui)壓入鋼瓶(ping)，造(zao)成乙(yi)炔(gui)(gui)氣(qi)回流(liu)入瓶(ping)內。
⑵點火(huo)時，應按下列順序進行：
A. 打開(kai)焊槍上的乙(yi)炔氣開(kai)關，并點燃。
B. 打開(kai)(kai)焊槍上的(de)氧氣(qi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)。
C. 根(gen)據焊接(jie)需要(yao)，調節乙炔、氧氣開關(guan)的(de)開度。
⑶滅(mie)火(huo)時(shi)，應按(an)下(xia)列順(shun)序進行：
A. 先關閉焊(han)槍上的氧氣開關。
B. 再(zai)關(guan)閉(bi)焊槍上的乙(yi)炔(gui)氣(qi)開關(guan)。一(yi)般氧氣(qi)壓(ya)力比乙(yi)炔(gui)壓(ya)力大2倍。在(zai)使用中(zhong)如發(fa)現乙(yi)炔(gui)氣(qi)回流時，應立即關(guan)閉(bi)氧氣(qi)開關(guan)，以免發(fa)生意(yi)外。
⑷另需注意以下幾點：
A. 禁止在沒有安裝壓力(li)表或壓力(li)表發生故(gu)障的情況(kuang)下使(shi)用該(gai)設備。
;B. 禁(jin)止在該設備(bei)上方(fang)進行焊接。
C. 分清供給氧氣和乙炔氣的專用管子，保證使用安(an)穩。
D. 不能讓(rang)軟管碰到有機(ji)溶劑。
E. 焊(han)接時，氧(yang)氣(qi)壓(ya)力(li)通常(chang)采用表(biao)壓(ya)力(li)0.1Mpa，乙炔(gui)氣(qi)壓(ya)力(li)通常(chang)采用表(biao)壓(ya)力(li)0.05Mpa。
9. 如何對制冷系統進行檢(jian)漏？
⑴手(shou)觸(chu)油污檢漏。 空(kong)調(diao)器的(de)(de)制冷(leng)劑多為R22，R22與冷(leng)凍(dong)油有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)互(hu)溶性(xing)，當R22有泄(xie)漏時(shi)(shi)，冷(leng)凍(dong)也(ye)會滲(shen)出(chu)或(huo)(huo)滴出(chu)。運用這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)特性(xing)，用目測或(huo)(huo)手(shou)摸有無(wu)油污的(de)(de)方法，可以判斷該處(chu)有無(wu)泄(xie)漏。當泄(xie)漏較少，用手(shou)指觸(chu)摸不明顯時(shi)(shi)，可戴上(shang)白手(shou)套或(huo)(huo)白紙(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)可疑處(chu)，也(ye)能查到泄(xie)漏處(chu)。
⑵肥(fei)皂(zao)(zao)泡檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)。 先(xian)將肥(fei)皂(zao)(zao)切成薄片，浸于溫水中(zhong)，使其溶(rong)成稠(chou)狀肥(fei)皂(zao)(zao)液。檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)時，在(zai)被(bei)檢(jian)(jian)部(bu)位用紗布擦去污漬，用干凈毛筆沾上肥(fei)皂(zao)(zao)液，均勻地抹在(zai)被(bei)檢(jian)(jian)部(bu)位四周，仔細觀察有無(wu)氣泡，如(ru)有肥(fei)皂(zao)(zao)泡出現，說明該處(chu)有泄(xie)漏(lou)。有時，需先(xian)向系統充入(ru)0.8-1.0Mpa(8-10kgf/cm2)的(de)氮氣.⑶充壓(ya)檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)。 制冷(leng)系統已修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)焊接后，在(zai)充注(zhu)制冷(leng)劑前，在(zai)近下(xia)班時，充入(ru)1.5Mpa氮氣，關閉三通(tong)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)閥（閥本身(shen)不(bu)能(neng)漏(lou)氣）。如(ru)表(biao)壓(ya)沒有下(xia)降，說明已修(xiu)(xiu)復的(de)制冷(leng)系統不(bu)漏(lou)。如(ru)表(biao)壓(ya)下(xia)降，則說明存在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)，再(zai)采用肥(fei)皂(zao)(zao)泡檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)法(fa)檢(jian)(jian)漏(lou)。
⑷水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)檢(jian)漏(lou)(lou)。 此法(fa)常用(yong)于(yu)壓縮機（注意接線(xian)(xian)端子應(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)防水(shui)(shui)保護）、蒸(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)、冷(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)等(deng)零部件的(de)(de)檢(jian)漏(lou)(lou)。其方(fang)法(fa)是：對(dui)蒸(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)充入0.8Mpa氮(dan)氣(qi)，對(dui)冷(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)充入1.9MPa氮(dan)氣(qi)（對(dui)于(yu)熱泵型空調器(qi)(qi)，二(er)者(zhe)均應(ying)(ying)(ying)充入1.9MP氮(dan)氣(qi)），浸(jin)(jin)入50度左右的(de)(de)溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)，仔細觀察有(you)無氣(qi)泡發(fa)生。使用(yong)溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)在于(yu)降低水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力，因為水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度越低，表面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力越大，微小(xiao)的(de)(de)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)就(jiu)不能檢(jian)測(ce)出來。檢(jian)漏(lou)(lou)場(chang)地(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)光線(xian)(xian)充足，水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)平靜。觀察時間(jian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)不少于(yu)30秒，工件浸(jin)(jin)入水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)20厘(li)米以下。浸(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)檢(jian)漏(lou)(lou)后的(de)(de)部件應(ying)(ying)(ying)烘干處理(li)后方(fang)可(ke)進行補焊。
⑸鹵(lu)素燈檢漏(lou)(lou)。 火焰顏色(se)變化從淺綠(lv)→深(shen)綠(lv)→紫色(se)，滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)量從微漏(lou)(lou)→嚴重(zhong)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)。
⑹電(dian)子檢(jian)漏儀檢(jian)漏。 檢(jian)漏的(de)主要部位(wei)是(shi)：壓縮機(ji)的(de)吸、排氣管(guan)(guan)的(de)焊(han)接(jie)處(chu)；蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、冷(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)小彎頭、進出管(guan)(guan)和各支管(guan)(guan)焊(han)接(jie)部位(wei)：如干(gan)燥(zao)過(guo)濾器(qi)(qi)(qi)、截止(zhi)閥各處(chu)、電(dian)磁(ci)閥、熱(re)力膨脹(zhang)閥、分配器(qi)(qi)(qi)、儲液罐等連接(jie)處(chu)。泄(xie)漏和堵塞(sai)的(de)區別判斷：泄(xie)漏處(chu)補漏，抽真空(kong)(kong)，重新灌注制冷(leng)劑(ji)后，空(kong)(kong)調器(qi)(qi)(qi)即可恢復制冷(leng)效果；如果是(shi)堵塞(sai)，即使加(jia)氟，空(kong)(kong)調仍不能制冷(leng)，壓力也不正常。
10. 換熱(re)器銅管彎頭焊(han)漏如何(he)修理？
焊接前(qian)放凈系統內制冷劑(ji)，以免制冷劑(ji)受熱蒸發產生一定的(de)壓力而造成(cheng)補焊失(shi)敗(bai)。焊接時(shi)間要短(duan)，速(su)度要快，一般采用小號焊槍(qiang)焊嘴，火焰不能過于強(qiang)烈。
11. 如何檢(jian)查毛細管“臟堵”？
⑴壓(ya)縮機的加液工藝管(guan)上(shang)裝接一只(zhi)三通檢修閥。
⑵啟動壓縮(suo)機(ji)，運轉一段(duan)時(shi)間后，若低壓一直維持在0Pa的位置，說明毛細管可能處于半臟(zang)堵狀態，若為真空，可能是完全(quan)臟(zang)堵，應作進一步檢查。此(ci)時(shi)壓縮(suo)機(ji)運轉有沉悶聲。
⑶停轉(zhuan)壓縮機(ji)后，如壓力平(ping)衡(heng)很(hen)慢，需十分鐘(zhong)或半小時(shi)以上，說明(ming)毛細(xi)(xi)(xi)管臟堵。臟堵位置一般(ban)在干(gan)燥(zao)過濾(lv)器(qi)與毛細(xi)(xi)(xi)管接頭(tou)處。若將毛細(xi)(xi)(xi)管與干(gan)燥(zao)過濾(lv)器(qi)連(lian)接處剪斷，制冷劑噴出，這就(jiu)可以判斷毛細(xi)(xi)(xi)管臟堵。
12. 毛細管“臟堵” 無同內徑、同長度(du)毛細管怎么辦(ban)？
⑴可(ke)用(yong)退(tui)火的方法將臟(zang)物燒化，然后(hou)打壓吹氣使之(zhi)暢(chang)通。
⑵也可將毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)管焊在清潔的(de)管路中，用(yong)汽油(you)或(huo)四氯(lv)化碳沖洗(xi)，沖洗(xi)后的(de)毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)管務必進行抽真(zhen)空干燥處理(li)后方可使用(yong)。
13. 如(ru)何(he)判斷毛細管“冰堵”？
冰堵”是由(you)于(yu)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)真空處理不良，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)含水(shui)量(liang)過大(da)或是制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)本身含水(shui)量(liang)超標等原因造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)。“冰堵”大(da)都發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生在(zai)毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)口端。當液體(ti)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)由(you)毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)到(dao)(dao)蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)時(shi)，體(ti)積(ji)大(da)大(da)膨脹，變成(cheng)(cheng)氣態(tai)，大(da)量(liang)吸收熱(re)(re)量(liang)。這(zhe)時(shi)，蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)溫度可(ke)達到(dao)(dao)－5度左右，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微量(liang)水(shui)分隨制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)循環到(dao)(dao)毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)(chu)口端時(shi)就凍結成(cheng)(cheng)冰。由(you)于(yu)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)不斷(duan)循環，結成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冰體(ti)積(ji)逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)大(da)，到(dao)(dao)一定程度就將(jiang)毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)完(wan)全堵塞(sai)。 判斷(duan)方法為：接(jie)通電源，壓縮機(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動運(yun)行(xing)(xing)后(hou)(hou)，蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結霜，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)，隨著“冰堵”形成(cheng)(cheng)，蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霜全部化光，壓縮機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)有(you)沉悶聲，吹進室內(nei)沒有(you)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)氣。停機(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)，用(yong)熱(re)(re)毛巾多次包住毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)進蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)入口處，由(you)于(yu)冰堵處融化后(hou)(hou)而(er)能聽到(dao)(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道通暢的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)流動聲，啟(qi)動壓縮機(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)，蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)又(you)開(kai)始結霜，壓縮機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)一段時(shi)間后(hou)(hou)，又(you)會(hui)產生上述情況，這(zhe)就可(ke)以(yi)判斷(duan)毛細管(guan)(guan)(guan)冰堵。
14. 如何排除毛細管“冰堵”？
確定毛(mao)細管(guan)“冰堵”后，先將制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系統內制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑放掉，重新(xin)(xin)(xin)進行真(zhen)空干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)。對制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系統的主要部件(jian)蒸發器、冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器進行一次清洗處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)。 在重新(xin)(xin)(xin)連接制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系統時(shi)，更換使(shi)用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾(lv)器。如沒有新(xin)(xin)(xin)的干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾(lv)器，可將拆下(xia)的干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾(lv)器，倒(dao)出里面裝(zhuang)的分子篩(shai)，把過濾(lv)器內壁(bi)用(yong)汽油或四氯(lv)化(hua)碳沖洗，并經過干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)后使(shi)用(yong)。 如屬由于制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑本身含水量過大而(er)形成“冰堵”，可在制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑鋼瓶出口處(chu)(chu)(chu)加一干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)過濾(lv)器。使(shi)得制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑在充注時(shi)水分即被吸(xi)收。
15. 什(shen)么是毛細管“結蠟”現象？
因(yin)R22與(yu)與(yu)冷(leng)凍(dong)(dong)油(you)有共溶性(xing)，經多(duo)年的(de)循環(huan)，R22中(zhong)含有一(yi)定(ding)比例的(de)冷(leng)凍(dong)(dong)油(you)，油(you)中(zhong)的(de)蠟組(zu)分在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)下析出(chu)，在(zai)制(zhi)冷(leng)循環(huan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，蠟組(zu)分就要逐漸沉積于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度很低的(de)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)管(guan)出(chu)口內壁上，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)管(guan)內徑(jing)變(bian)小(xiao)，流(liu)阻增大，從(cong)而導(dao)致制(zhi)冷(leng)性(xing)能下降。 對使(shi)用多(duo)年的(de)空調(diao)器，如在(zai)運行時，蒸發器溫(wen)(wen)度偏高，冷(leng)凝器測(ce)試(shi)偏低，而又(you)排除了制(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)微漏和壓(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)效率差(cha)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，一(yi)般就是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)管(guan)“結蠟”所引起的(de)故障。對“結蠟”毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)管(guan)的(de)修(xiu)理，可使(shi)用高壓(ya)(ya)槍排除，利用一(yi)帶柱的(de)絲杠將冷(leng)凍(dong)(dong)油(you)加壓(ya)(ya)至2Mpa，將結蠟清除掉。也可用更換新毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)管(guan)的(de)方法。
16. 如(ru)何判(pan)斷干燥過濾器“臟堵”？
干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“臟(zang)(zang)堵”是由(you)于制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)系(xi)統(tong)焊接(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)良使管內壁產(chan)生氧化皮脫落，或壓(ya)縮機(ji)長期運轉(zhuan)引起機(ji)械(xie)磨損而產(chan)生雜質或制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)組裝焊接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)前未清(qing)洗干(gan)(gan)凈等原因造成(cheng)。其“臟(zang)(zang)堵”故障現象為干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)表面發(fa)冷(leng)、凝(ning)露(lu)或結(jie)霜，導致向(xiang)蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供給(gei)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)或致使制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)循環(huan)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)。 干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“臟(zang)(zang)堵”的(de)判斷(duan)方(fang)法為：壓(ya)縮機(ji)啟動運行一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)，冷(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)熱，無冷(leng)氣吹出(chu)，手(shou)摸干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，發(fa)冷(leng)、凝(ning)露(lu)或結(jie)霜，壓(ya)縮機(ji)發(fa)出(chu)沉(chen)悶過(guo)(guo)負荷(he)聲。為了進一(yi)步證實干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“臟(zang)(zang)堵”，可將毛(mao)細管在(zai)靠近干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)處剪斷(duan)，如無制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)噴(pen)出(chu)或噴(pen)出(chu)壓(ya)力不(bu)(bu)大，說明(ming)“臟(zang)(zang)堵”。這(zhe)時(shi)如果(guo)用管子割刀(dao)在(zai)冷(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管與干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)相接(jie)(jie)附(fu)近割出(chu)一(yi)條小縫，制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)就會(hui)噴(pen)射出(chu)來。此時(shi)，要(yao)特別注意安穩，防(fang)止制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑(ji)(ji)噴(pen)射傷人(ren)。
17. 如何排除干燥過濾器“臟堵”？
干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器“臟堵”后(hou)，慢慢割斷冷凝器與干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器連接處（防止制冷劑噴(pen)射傷人），再剪(jian)斷毛(mao)細管，拆下干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器。因干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器修理比較困難(nan)，一(yi)般采(cai)用更換新的(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器為好。如一(yi)時(shi)沒有新的(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器可供更換，可將拆下的(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器倒(dao)置，倒(dao)出(chu)裝在里面的(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)劑，進行(xing)清洗干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器。過(guo)(guo)濾器內壁和濾網用汽油或(huo)四(si)氯化碳清洗，并經干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)處理后(hou)使用。在更換干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)濾器前，對蒸發器和冷凝器進行(xing)一(yi)次清洗。
18. 如何判斷電容器的好壞？
用(yong)數字萬用(yong)表檢(jian)查(cha)，將數字萬用(yong)表撥(bo)到(dao)合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)，紅表筆(bi)和(he)黑(hei)表筆(bi)分(fen)別接觸(chu)被測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩極(ji)。這時(shi)(shi)(shi)，顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)值將從(cong)000開(kai)始逐漸增加(jia)，直到(dao)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)溢(yi)符號(hao)“1”。如果始終(zhong)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)000，說(shuo)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)內部短路。如果始終(zhong)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)溢(yi)出，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)內部極(ji)間(jian)(jian)(jian)開(kai)路，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)不(bu)合適(shi)。為(wei)了能(neng)從(cong)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)屏(ping)上看到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，對(dui)不(bu)同容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)位。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)較大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)低(di)(di)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)較小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)高阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)。如果用(yong)低(di)(di)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)檢(jian)查(cha)小容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，由于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)很短，會一直顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)溢(yi)出，看不(bu)到(dao)變化過(guo)程，從(cong)而很容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易(yi)誤判為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)已開(kai)路。如果用(yong)高阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)檢(jian)查(cha)大(da)(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，由于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程很緩慢(man)，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)需要較和(he)長。對(dui)于(yu)0.1~1000uF以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)按下表選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)（表中的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)指顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)檔(dang)(dang)從(cong)000變化到(dao)溢(yi)出所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)）。 測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(dang)（Ω）被測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)范圍（uF）充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)（S）20M0.1~12~122M1~102~18200K10~1003~2020K100~10003~132K＞1000＞3電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)擊(ji)穿(chuan)或開(kai)路后，不(bu)能(neng)修理，只能(neng)更換同型(xing)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。為(wei)便于(yu)修理時(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)，下表列出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)與壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)配，供參考。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)與壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)配壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出功(gong)率（W）0.20.40.751.01.52.02.23.03.74.05.0電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)（uF）1520303040505050757510019.
使用(yong)電容器時應(ying)注意(yi)什(shen)么(me)問題？
⑴不能將電容器直(zhi)接跨接在電源(yuan)上，務必與(yu)啟動(dong)繞組或運行繞組串聯后(hou)，再跨接在電源(yuan)上。
⑵啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電容雖然和(he)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)繞組串聯，但連接在電路上(shang)的時間(jian)不得(de)超過(guo)3S，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)后由啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置將電源切斷，每小時內的啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)次數不得(de)超過(guo)10次（間(jian)隔應(ying)均勻），否則會因發熱(re)而損壞。
⑶存放時間比較長的電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容器，因電(dian)解(jie)質已干涸，電(dian)容量會下(xia)降，如(ru)需使用，事先應進行檢(jian)測(ce)。
